Brazing of copper and copper alloys

 Brazing of copper and copper alloys Copper has excellent electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, corrosion resistance, ductility and certain strength. Adding various alloying elements to copper can increase its corrosion resistance, strength and improve machinability. Therefore, copper and copper alloys are widely used in electrical, electrical, chemical, food, power, transportation, aviation, aerospace, weapons and other industrial sectors. Copper and its alloys can be divided into: pure copper, brass, bronze and cupronickel. The mass fraction of pure copper is not less than 99.5%. Pure copper can be divided into oxygen-free copper and oxygen-free copper (deoxidized copper) according to its oxygen content. Deoxidized copper is to add a deoxidizer (such as phosphorus) during the smelting process or use other methods to make the mass fraction of oxygen reach a very low level

Induction furnace

The use of the material effect of electric heating effect of the material heating or electric gold melting furnace. Induction furnace using AC power frequency (50 or 60 Hz), intermediate frequency (150 ~ 10000 Hz) and high frequency (more than 10000 Hz) 3 kinds. The main components of the induction furnace sensors, furnace, power, capacitance and control systems. In the induction furnace under the action of alternating electromagnetic field, the material inside the eddy current to achieve the effect of heating or melting. Induction furnace is usually divided into induction furnace and melting furnace. small melting furnace is divided into core induction furnace and coreless induction furnace two categories. Cored induction furnace is mainly used for a variety of cast iron and other metal melting and insulation, can use waste materials, smelting low cost. No core induction furnace is divided into frequency induction furnace, the triple frequency induction furnace, generator frequency induction furnace, SCR medium frequency induction furnace, high-frequency induction furnace.

The advantages of large-scale high-temperature car furnace and framework

Large-scale high-temperature car furnace advantages:
· Large-scale high-temperature car furnace using barbed blanket and ultra-lightweight refractory bricks of quality long fiber composite energy-saving structure, the advantages of solid and durable, excellent corrosion resistance, excellent thermal stability and thermal shock resistance, thermal insulation.
2 trolley impact-proof bricks, automatically seal pallet and furnace door rails, foundation installation is not on level ground can be used.
3 · heating element with high temperature resistance alloy wound into a ribbon or spiral, were installed in the furnace side door, the back wall and put silk brick trolley to ensure that the furnace temperature uniformity and stability.
4 microcomputer program control and record temperature curve, high precision temperature control. Automatically in accordance with the process requirements heating, insulation, power-off function. Recording instruments have recorded over-temperature alarm, burnout alarm and other functions.
Large-scale high-temperature the trolley stove car framework:
Large-scale high-temperature trolley stove car frame with steel welding, forming, steel to ensure no deformation at full load. Within the refractory brick masonry, collision-prone parts of the load-bearing parts are built with a heavy brick, reinforced lining structural strength, The Trolley walking self-structure, driven by the reducer sprocket to go round on the tracks. Trolley sealed with double seal automatically labyrinth structure and soft touch, trolley into the furnace through the cam and roller slope sealed automatically rise. Trolley out of the seal groove automatically fall the seal groove seal of sand to fill after having to constantly added. Trolley out of the door lifting are electric control, with electromagnetic brake to prevent inertial impaction furnace, and the chain of control, that is slightly open the door, automatically cut off the heating element, while restoring power to the trolley running gear. Door closed in place, automatically cut off the power to the trolley running gear, while restoring the power of the heating element.
In order to shorten the cooling process time, large-scale high-temperature car furnace roof has speed up the cooling exhaust. Off when the device is heated, cooled to a certain temperature to open and close the open operation at the side of the furnace through a manual mechanism or automatic control by the operator to complete.

Muffle furnace maintenance should note:

1, when the first use of a muffle furnace again after disabling or long-term use, the oven must be carried out. The oven temperature 200 ℃ time should be four hours. 200 ℃ to 600 ℃ four hours. When used, the furnace temperature shall not exceed the maximum rated temperature, to avoid burning heating element. Prohibit the furnace infusion of liquid and soluble in a variety of metals, Burnout oven below the maximum temperature of preferably below 50 ℃ work, then furnace wire has a longer life.
2, muffle furnace and the controller must not exceed 85% relative humidity, no conductive dust, explosive or corrosive gases in the workplace. Where the grease is attached to a metal material being heated, the volatile gas will affect a large number of heating element surface and etching, so that destruction and shortened life span. Therefore, the heating should be timely prevention and well sealed containers or suitable openings to be eliminated.
3, muffle electric furnace controller should be limited to the ambient temperature 0-40 ℃ range.
4, according to the technical requirements, regular and frequent checks furnace, the controller of the wiring connection is good, whether the indicator pointer moves stuck stranded phenomenon, and because electricity meter calibration potentiometer magnets, demagnetization, up wire, shrapnel fatigue, balance error increases damage caused by the situation.
5, thermocouples do not suddenly pull out at high temperatures to prevent the jacket burst.
6, and keep the furnace clean, timely removal of the furnace oxide and the like things.

The chamber furnace product description and safety technical regulations

Used for heating before forging the metal billet or ingot. Heating the material does not move; non-segmented furnace temperature uniformity throughout the for large ingot heating periodic temperature regime (ie the oven time is divided into warm-up period, the heating of the soaking period). There are two types: fixed hearth chamber furnaces and car bottom furnace chamber furnace.
Technical specification for safety:
1, safe, all furnace must have the following components and safety facilities. The outlet temperature of the automatic adjusting means; the feedstock oil automatic control means; furnace, convection, furnace tubes, radiation, temperature indication of the flue;
Population and superheated steam pressure gauge furnace; damper and flue baffle; emergency venting devices; blast doors; hearth and back elbow tank fire steam line.
3. The new furnace according to prescribed procedures must be put into use, the heating curve Ovens.
4. Hearth chamber furnace ignition off good hole, the flue baffle opening to 1/3 1/2, fuel oil systems circulation and circulation of raw materials, ready to soak diesel ignition stick.
5. Ignition steam furnace residue gas rush the net, on the upper end of the burner will ignite ignition rods, others to leave the bottom of the furnace, steam slightly open, and then open the oil line. Point fuel fire, regulate oil and gas than to a normal state.
6. Cited gas off the net water storage and condensed oil and drained in a safe place for more than 15 minutes, the laboratory analysis of the oxygen content of less than 1%, before the vote with the ignition. Gas into the blast furnace must pass the flame arrester.
7. Ignition fireman can not face the fire mouth and see the fire window to avoid tempering wounding. If the flame goes out, the fuel valve should be closed immediately, the furnace domestic demand steam purge in order to re-ignition.
8. Normal operation should always check the stove burning at any time to adjust, pay attention to check whether the tube bending, bubbling, peeling, redness and dark abnormal situation, pay attention to check back elbow, plug, entrances valve flange seamless oil phenomenon, abnormal, and immediately reported to the leadership, to take measures to deal with.
Case of burn-through caused by a ruptured tube furnace of fire or an emergency need into the furnace, the application of steam to put out the fire cooling treatment, no water is injected into the furnace for fire fighting and cooling.
10 into the furnace overhaul should handle into the equipment and operating procedures. Explosion-proof doors shall not be blocked with other objects, so as not to lose the explosion-proof effect.
11. Furnace heating or shutdown cooling must be strictly in accordance with the provisions of the heating and cooling rate.
12 emergency shutdown, against only wind instrument used to close the control valve, be sure to close the blast furnace hand valve.
(13) In case of the heating medium interrupts should immediately fire the furnace pass into the steam.

What are the advantages and EAF what are the disadvantages

1) Compared with fuel stove is easy to get high.
2) can be heated to an internal temperature from the material.
3) facilitate the controlled atmosphere furnace and the vacuum furnace used.
4) no fuel furnace exhaust furnace heat loss, so high thermal efficiency.
5) is easy to control the temperature, to facilitate remote control and fine tune.
6) capable of rapid heating.
7) Operating performance is good, do not pollute the environment.
Furnace shortcomings
A) the need to increase distribution equipment costs.
2) high cost of electricity.
3) resistance when the heating temperature exceeds 1000 ℃, refractory materials may be electrically conductive, insulating problems need to pay attention.

Compartment quick furnace

Compartment rapid heating furnace Products:
Do not Fragment furnace temperature uniformity throughout the large ingot heating periodic temperature regime (ie furnace temperature divided by the time the warm-up period, the heating period, the soaking period) two chamber furnace types: fixed-hearth chamber furnaces and car bottom furnace the fixed hearth room furnace hearth area generally 1 to 10 m 2. put on a material by manual or simple mechanical; chamber furnaces to heat a larger workpieces, put on a feeder with a special fuel for coal, heavy oil or gas to some furnace in the furnace wall to open a gap, the blank gap into the furnace heating called seam furnace, heating commonly used in small pieces or the long billet ends or local heating of this type of furnace hearth yield per unit area is usually 300 to 400 kg / (m 2 ·), specific heat consumption per ton of steel is about (1.0 to 1.5) × 106 kcal car bottom furnace for ingot weight of more than ten tons to hundreds of tons of heating before forging, furnace chamber or tunnel. heating objects placed in the trolley furnace loading and unloading by the workshop crane or other traction devices trolley pulled into or out of the furnace, the large ingot heating requirements furnace temperature evenly distributed, so the car bottom furnace normally distributed heating and dispersing smoke (burner and smoke crossing dispersed arranged on the side of the furnace wall).
Compartment rapid furnace work:
Stars chamber quick heating furnace heating chamber placed in a line by a certain compartment provided between the heating chamber and the heating chamber, the transfer roller of the preform is provided in the indoor blanks single (or double root) to which is heated by the heating chamber and the chamber between each heating chamber and adjacent compartments constitute a furnace section, so called furnace section. furnace for rapid heating, oxidation and decarburization applicable in heated circular blanks and steel pipe. compatible with the planetary mill, can be used to heat the continuous casting slab; localized heating of certain steel disadvantage is the low production capacity per unit length of the furnace, the lower the thermal efficiency of the furnace chamber The furnace used for heating before the metal billet or ingot forging does not move when the material is heated;